C1
serf
/sɜːf/
noun
chłop pańszczyźniany
Also
niewolnik(m)
Definition
An agricultural labourer bound to work on his lord's estate, common in the medieval feudal system.
Examples
Serfs were tied to the land and could not leave without permission.
Chłopi pańszczyźniani byli przywiązani do ziemi i nie mogli jej opuścić bez pozwolenia.
Life as a serf was often harsh and difficult.
Życie jako niewolnik było często ciężkie i trudne.
Collocations
medieval serfpeasant serfserfdom
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